NEUTRALIZATION NUMBER. As petroleum products are exposed to elevated temperatures, the process of oxidation arises. Oxidation leads to the formation of organic acids in the lubricant. This rise inactivity decreases the water-separating ability of certain oils, and may also prove corrosive to certain alloys. The neutralization number calculates the quantity of acidity existing in the lubricant. It is quantitatively described as the volume of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to neutralize the acid present in one gram of sample. This quantity is also known to as the Total Acid Number (TAN).
TOTAL BASE NUMBER. Internal combustion engine oils are designed with a highly alkaline (base) additive package designed to neutralize the acidic byproducts of combustion. The Total Base Number(TBN) is a measure of this additive package, and it may be applied as an indicator of when diesel engine oil should be changed.
WATER CONTENT. The most common contaminant in lubricating systems is water. Common sources of water include lube oil cooler leakages, condensation, steam turbine gland seal leaks, and diesel engine piston blow-by and jacket water leakages. The speed of system corrosion by water contamination cannot be overemphasized. In addition, excessive water contamination increases the viscosity and decreases the fluid film strength of an oil. This might effect in accelerated wear because of rupture of the oil film and resultant surface-to-surface contact. A qualitative assessment of the quantity of water present in some lubricants could be made by inspecting the oils’ appearance. Another method for determining water contamination levels is the Bottom Sediment & Water (B. S. & W. ) test
DEMULSIBILITY.
Demulsibility refers to a lubricant’s capacity to readily isolate from water. Oils applied in force-feed lubrication systems should possess good water separability to prevent emulsification.
HARDNESS. Greases are categorized in respect to a hardness scale established by the National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI). According to this system, softer greases are assigned a low NLGI number, and stiffer greases a high NLGI number. The penetration numbers refer to the level, in tenths of millimeters, that a weighted cone penetrates the grease. Most greases have NLGI numbers from 1 to 2, and are classified as medium reliability greases.
DROPPING POINT. Greases exist in an basically semi-solid form. The temperature at which a grease alters from a semi-solid to a liquid is termed its dropping point. Dropping point provides some indicator of the high temperature features of a grease.
WATER WASHOUT. Greases exposed to splashing or impinging water must possess good water washout resistance. Greases with good resistance will sustain an adequate lubricating film under excessive water contamination circumstances.
LOAD CARRYING ABILITY. The capability of a lubricant to sustain an reliable lubricating film under high loads or pressures is a measure of its load carrying or extreme pressure (EP) characteristics. The load carrying ability of a lubricant might be enhanced by the addition of EP additives
TOTAL BASE NUMBER. Internal combustion engine oils are designed with a highly alkaline (base) additive package designed to neutralize the acidic byproducts of combustion. The Total Base Number(TBN) is a measure of this additive package, and it may be applied as an indicator of when diesel engine oil should be changed.
WATER CONTENT. The most common contaminant in lubricating systems is water. Common sources of water include lube oil cooler leakages, condensation, steam turbine gland seal leaks, and diesel engine piston blow-by and jacket water leakages. The speed of system corrosion by water contamination cannot be overemphasized. In addition, excessive water contamination increases the viscosity and decreases the fluid film strength of an oil. This might effect in accelerated wear because of rupture of the oil film and resultant surface-to-surface contact. A qualitative assessment of the quantity of water present in some lubricants could be made by inspecting the oils’ appearance. Another method for determining water contamination levels is the Bottom Sediment & Water (B. S. & W. ) test
DEMULSIBILITY.
Demulsibility refers to a lubricant’s capacity to readily isolate from water. Oils applied in force-feed lubrication systems should possess good water separability to prevent emulsification.
HARDNESS. Greases are categorized in respect to a hardness scale established by the National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI). According to this system, softer greases are assigned a low NLGI number, and stiffer greases a high NLGI number. The penetration numbers refer to the level, in tenths of millimeters, that a weighted cone penetrates the grease. Most greases have NLGI numbers from 1 to 2, and are classified as medium reliability greases.
DROPPING POINT. Greases exist in an basically semi-solid form. The temperature at which a grease alters from a semi-solid to a liquid is termed its dropping point. Dropping point provides some indicator of the high temperature features of a grease.
WATER WASHOUT. Greases exposed to splashing or impinging water must possess good water washout resistance. Greases with good resistance will sustain an adequate lubricating film under excessive water contamination circumstances.
LOAD CARRYING ABILITY. The capability of a lubricant to sustain an reliable lubricating film under high loads or pressures is a measure of its load carrying or extreme pressure (EP) characteristics. The load carrying ability of a lubricant might be enhanced by the addition of EP additives
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